Prahlāda knows, 'He will protect me, no matter what. Even if He doesn't protect me, what does it matter? I will go back to Him, I will always be with Him.'
When all five - cows, brāhmanas, women, children and old people - are taken together as important, that is called human. If you just take one of them and make an issue out of that, that is a mundane social-political position, that's all.
The Lord does not take seriously an accidental falldown because the devotee is determined to continue his service despite the obstacles placed by his conditioned nature. In the case of an accidental falldown the only prāyaścitta for a devotee is devotional service itself.